You can find the maximum volumetric speed for a filament using the calibration print for that in the Orca slicer. EXTRUDER } # Heat extruder to temp in OrcaSlicer. The E3D V6 hotend that ships with the Prusa i3 Mk3 is advertised with a rate of 15 mm 3 /s, though in practice 11. Flow Rate. 9 mm valid for usage with a 0. 055 line makes me have an emotional attachment to it. The flow rate modifiers for this project will range from -9 to 0. But just to run through any other software issues, I installed Orca/SoftFever Slicer to run advanced calibrations on the PC, results below: Temp Tower: 270C -Good from 260-280, I guess 270C is best, has cleanest overhangs. The test print is designed to run with a high extruder flow rate, but otherwise "normal" slicer settings. 2mm layer height: 24 / 0. If You enjoyed this guide and You want to say "Thank You" please consider supporting me by sending a tip on thingiverse or my PayPal here. r/klippers. The info in the E jerk setting is particularly interesting, as I the effects of that would not be noticeable when simply viewing the speeds or volumetric flow rates on the sliced model display. Wenn der X1C sein eingelegtes Filament kalibriert hat, gerade die Flow-Rate mit seinem Muster und hat dieses Muster abgescannt und „weiss“ nun. 5mm/s3. Thanks! When I select an Ender 3 or Prusa Mk3, Orca Slicer limits the flow rate to 5 mm3/s, no matter the requested speed, acceleration and filament max flow settings. A simple interface will show up, and you can control the printer from there. 2mm layer height: 24 /. 98 to . If yours isn't, you can modify it like this:. I am a total newbie and had that exact same problem. for example. I downloaded orca slicer an ran the calibration tests like flow calibration , temp tower and pressure advance. Now you have loaded the default profile for the Creality Ender 6. Select “ Add an unnetworked printer”. I'm experimenting with orca using the VFA calibration test it's a great test to see how the ringing is doing for input shaping calibration. imoftendisgruntled. So that is why I set the extruder flow rate to 10. Then the slicer will apply the +- modifier to determine the correct amount of filament to be extruded by the generated gcode. 2 nozzle is having speed limited to 100 because of the max volumetric flow set in the filament which is only 2. 95, but I don’t want to mess with it too much, since. Orca Slicer doesn't. volcano has a bigger melt zone, so it should be able to provide more than 8mm3/s. The flow rate in Cura is normally 100%. 06: 0. Bambu Lab advertises. If your extruder is calibrated (which it is on the Mini), you use the flow control to fine-tune your extrusion. Both the flow rate and the feed rate are “write only”; OctoPrint can set a value (by sending a gcode command), but cannot read it back from the printer, simply because there is no gcode command for reading these values. M140 S100 # set bed temp. in the image above volumetric flow is set to 15mm3/s but you can see that the printer cannot achieve that rate of flow in many areas, because the. Select the printer, filament, and process you would like to use for the test. 96726. It’s not too close (no wavies), just a little rough. Write better code with AI. Here are my current Machine Settings: And here is the resulting gcode: Click on each pic to see the full image. 8-0. 029 and you selected the block with a flow rate modifier of -6, the new value should be calculated as follows: 1. 2mm, 0. 99 to 0. Select each cube and enable the “flow” setting. During my time with the printer, I tuned a few Prusa Slicer profiles for the CR-10 Smart Pro. I recommend using the one at "Calibration" menu on top>"More">"Max Flow-rate" Do not save anything when the test is complete. ** Remember ** to save the filament profile. Start at 10mm³s/ and stop around at 25mm³/s. A high flow rate is obtained by using a high printing speed (eg, 100mm/s) and a coarse layer height (typically around 75% of the nozzle diameter). 913. As previously mentioned, take a Sharpie and make marks on your filament every 100mm. Flow Rate dauerhaft im Slicer speichern. side view 1920×1440 92. 16: 0. AccelerationsTake an existing preset > change the parameters as needed > press save > use a suitable name for the new preset. Let's say your old flow rate was 100% and you have tested and corrected this to 96%. This way, we only have to set the data type (int, float, string, etc) and set any defaults once. x added support for the new filament, but Orca Slicer (v1. You may want to print a cube of say 30 mm x-y-z and check the measurement. This is a test designed to calibrate the maximum volumetric speed of the specific filament. In the upcoming sections, we will take a. For example, if your hotend is capable of 24mm 3 /sec, and you are printing with 0. NOTE: To alter extrusion width, you should start by changing your nozzle diameter to the new size. 2 mm^3/s when choosing "Generic TPU", so the feedrate will be automatically slow down. Sort by: Open comment sort options. You will have no trouble getting good results with PLA on the Sovol SV06 Plus. Then calibrate the flow rate to the actual maximum your filament can do, using the orca. Layer height can be found under the Print Settings menu in PrusaSlicer, under 'Layers and perimeters'. 0 x Nozzle_Diameter^2 = 4. Use find and replace to find M900 K and replace it with the respective values: Klipper is SET_PRESSURE_ADVANCE ADVANCE=. Open a new project Using Prusament PLA and PETG, I ended up with a maximum volumetric flow of 17mm³/s for PLA and 22mm³/s for PETG, so I don’t think PLA has always a higher value. I have hard learned that max flow rate of stock hotend for all Enders is about 5-6 mm 3 /s. The slicer combats that by limiting the maximum flow rate artificially to, for example, 12 mm³/s for generic PLA and 21 mm³/s for their own, probably custom PLA. How to build Orca Slicer. To calibrate flow rate I never use the method of printing a surface and seeing which is best. Flow also should not at any point exceed reasonable value and should be limited by max flow rate and max extruder feedrate. The nozzle will rub against the wiping zone before every print in order to remove any remaining filament from the nozzle tip. Using the new Orca Slicer 1. That is great link, thank you. Going above 5 mm 3 on stock PTFE hotend is not wise. It is recommended to use the default values (5mm³/s start, 20mm³/s end, with a step of 0. If you set up a calibration of max flowrate with a max rate over 20mm3/s, it creates a model the correct height but any height which should be above 20mm3/s is only showing flow rates of 20. I know how to. I have not managed to test the flow rate with different filaments but I think the “usual” number used is 20-22mm3/s which is also the limit set on the fastest profiles for High-Flow filament. Cooling 100% (yes ABS) Retraction 6. If you run the same setup in your slicer and only change the extrusion multiplier. RE: Help with understanding 'Machine limits' settings in Prusa Slicer. if you change it to 0. . 833. The feedrate percentage is completely independent of your slicer settings. After the second time, I noticed the note "If you are using an X1 or X1C printer, make sure you do not select the 'Flow calibration' option. I solved it by lowering outside wall speed but I think this should be solved so people don't do the calibration at a higher t. However, values between 60% and 200% are possible. however model geometry may prevent the printer achieving speeds that would require greater filament volumetric flow. 21 for Bambu Basic PLA. Just like the Kobra Max, the Anycubic Kobra Plus comes with a V6 Volcano Hotend clone which is PTFE lined meaning that you won’t be able to print with temperatures over 235C for longer periods of time without damaging the PTFE tube inside it. ¶ What is the flow rate when printing TPU? The volumetrically flow rate has been set to 6. stray_r. Send from. 4 nozzles that is a good news for users with 0. June 18, 2023 · 15 min read Pranav G. Those changes did the job for me, all problems solved. The max volumetric flow rate in the filament profile is used to limit speed to make sure there is no under-extrusion. Then there is a start Gcode command in Slic3r which r3duces the flow ratio to 0. 2 layer height and 0. To find the best Cura settings for the Neptune 3 Max, the default profile in Elegoo Slicer can be used as a base. After you've downloaded the file, you need to open it and run the orca-slicer. 6 mm^3 | Speed: 90%. 5. This test involves a single print that automatically increases the flow rate after a certain number of layers. Last Updated on: July 27, 2023 by Jonathan Levi Recently, after years of faithfully using PrusaSlicer for all of my 3D printing needs, I made the switch to the little known. Flow rate. I just checked and Qidi 3D printers are supported as defaults in OrcaSlicer too. I recently switched over to Orca Slicer. Click the Profile dropdown menu, and choose the “Create profile from. you should let printer. For example, if your hotend is capable of 24mm 3 /sec, and you are printing with 0. Jumping in a little late: If you specify Marlin firmware, the settings on the Machine Limits settings page are inserted into your gcode as a series of M20x commands. Select Pass 1 in the Calibration. Posted March 2, 2019 · Flow rate in machine settings. Bambu Studio 1. Bambu Studio 1. Simple cheat sheet showing a range of values for the most important settings in the Cura slicer for CR-10 and Ender 3 (and variants. SoftFever / OrcaSlicer Public. Step 2: Modify your existing slicers settings to match the list below. I turns out, that the best value should be 0. mereseydotes March 17, 2023, 7:50pm 1. I use the Orca Slicer variant of Bambu's slicer because it offers finer-grained control over the slicing process and makes tuning and using tuned filament profiles much easier than Bambu's official slicer, which lacks good calibration routines for some of the most important variables in good printing: flow rate, pressure advance, and. Now whenever I pull up that profile my new values come along with it. 4mm layer height as the max allowed layer height is set to 0. volcano has a bigger melt zone, so it should be able to provide more than 8mm3/s. It's every time I print a regular model this happens. Then, print from. Printer & Slicer Filament Material and Brand Nozzle and Bed Temperature Print Speed Nozzle Retraction Settings. 0 OS version MacOS 13. So it’s important to make sure the flow. 1 Overview of Maximum Volume Flow Calibration Dimensions. 5. Now, you will see the printer connection pop-up. My patron Leo told me about the SoftFever fork of Bambu Studio (now renamed OrcaSlicer), the open source slicer used by Bambu Labs. 2. Flow Rate. I did the whole orca calibration and did both flow. 4^2. For over-extrusion: 90% to 99%. Melodic_Common_7453. Orca allows you to control top layer flow - i have had amazing top layers with this; Gracious movements for the printer head, better quality (at the expense of a bit of acceleration)Is there a way to change only the first layer flow rate to fix this? Happens on different parts of the plate on both of my p1ps. The slicer is. I want to setup a flow calibration test and was wondering how to create this in PrusaSlicer. START_PRINT EXTRUDER= [first_layer_temperature] BED= [first_layer_bed_temperature]These two horizontal lines on the benchy match exactly with the two layer with internal bridge infill before top layers infill. 9 (80-90%) to give a little margin. Leveling, flow calibration, Timelapse and enable AMS. I'll be giving that a play. Now that you have the new flow rate value calculated, go back in your slicer and save the new value. I use the Orca Slicer variant of Bambu's slicer because it offers finer-grained control over the slicing process and makes tuning and using tuned filament profiles much easier than Bambu's official slicer, which lacks good calibration routines for some of the most important variables in good printing: flow rate, pressure advance, and. I also raised the acceleration limits in the machine settings. Reducing the movement speed can be used to offset the increase in flow rate. In Cura, you need to edit the Flow value. Bambu Studio. Flow rate calibration is extremely simple and can be completed in less than 30 minutes using the process below. Pressure advance adjusts the flow accordingly per acceleration / decelaration of the print head so that there is for example no oozing during slower movement e. For more details, click here. . There is some things that I don't understand : does pressure advance option is for Marlin or Klipper, cause when I activate it and paste my value, the print is worse than without it activated. Today I show you how to install Orca Slicer! It's free and very fast to install. I slice the plate. ;STARTGCODE M117 Initializing ; Set coordinate modes G90 ; use absolute coordinates M82 ; extruder absolute mode ; Reset speed and extrusion rates M220 S100 ; reset speed ; Set initial warmup temps M117 Nozzle preheat M104 S100 ; preheat extruder to nozzle temp M140. To get perfect print results, the print settings need to be calibrated. In our test, TPU cannot print as fast as PLA, the default volumetrically flow rate limit is a safer print speed we‘ve. Ziv. Auto calibrations for all printers. 25: Std dev: 0. It is never set directly. ) Filament was calibrated in Orca. 4 Nozzle. Orca Slicer stores it as ‚pressure_advanced‘ in the filament json file. It is never set directly. And where can I learn about the other calibrations like “Max Volumetric speed”. 5 and Flow Ratio at 1. but the flow rate could also be based on a 0. 4. Yes, that is exactly the setting. The default is to print from 5 to 20 by . I set max flow of 11. 5) doesn’t have support for it. have a look at the Orca Slicer fork of Bambu Studio. 6 mm3/s Max Travel Speed - 500 mm/sSpeeds. Both extrusion multiplier and flow rate refer to a percentage value that determines the amount of plastic the printer will extrude, with 100% or 1. Why Uniform Flowrate Is Important | PRUSA SLICER | How To Check and Adjust Your Flow RateHelp Reaching 10 000 Subs: patron Leo told me about the SoftFever fork of Bambu Studio (now renamed OrcaSlicer), the open source slicer used by Bambu Labs. 20mm Standard @BBL X1C0 (modified first layer print speed 25mm/s, first layer infill 105mm/s) For Flow Rate, I did not use the Orca Slicer test. "Orca Arena X1 Carbon"For high performance Klipper based 3D printers. Download the Win64 zip file if you're running Windows. 15mm nozzles all the way up to 1. The flow rate provided in the slicer could very easily be a multiplier on top of automatic calibration. 4mm line width & 0. I've tried calibrating with orca slicer/soft fever and still can't get even the flow rate calibration test to work Troubleshooting Archived post. I think something in orca has a cap that is over. 6. stray_r. BBL spent a lot of time tuning for their filament to make sure it looks good. More features can be found in change notes. If you can’t access the value using the control interface, don’t worry. To calibrate the flow rate, compare the wall thickness set in Cura with the actual printed wall. Sovol SV06 Plus 3d printer is the larger version of Sovol SV06, its large 300*300*340mm build volume meets all your 3D printing needs, also it comes with some new upgrade. Instead of scaling the up and down around the maximum. First layer: 5-10 mm/s, 0% cooling, 100% extrusion width, 100% layer height. zip. Changing the flow. zip. first_layer_temperature and first_layer_temperature are vectors, so you will need [] to access them. Printed with this on Orca the part looks almost perfect. How do you set it up? Is it the right slicer for you? Read on, and you will find out! What Is Orca Slicer? Orca Slicer is based on Bambu Studio, which is based on. I missed this reply. 95, but I don’t want to mess with it too much, since. When doing the flow calibration workflow, I was looking closely and realized that the max volumetric flow rate set by the filament was getting exceeded, potentially leading to bad/misleading results as a function of exceeding the maximum flowrate the hotend can handle with the filament. Example: This 3D model has been sliced with the default value of 110% for Flow Equalization Ratio. 6 as I read in a post. Max flow test for bambulab slicer. It comes with a new sovol self-developed high flow all metal hotend, the bigger melt zone and traffic make it capable to print at 150mm/s as standard printing speed. I found the flow rate test difficult to read. I started out wit. Flow Test GitHub | Youtube Tutorial | Max. Mein X1C ist noch im Lager und wird bald bestellt. . Ellis' generator is itself adapted from a generator developed by Sineos for Marlin, which is licensed under GNU General Public License, version 3. 3mm because of the structure to print. Orca Slicer for X1C calibration? Bambu Lab X1 Series. Measure the width of the walls with a vernier calliper. 4 / 0. 1. Some tips: Make sure to read all the tooltips! (hover over the tooltip icon to the right of some input boxes). Pressure Advance / Linear Advance. ) Once you tune for as fast as the printer can go mechanically, with a little margin left, you can dial in the max volumetric rate your extruder can hit with a given material. 4 hours in cura, 8 hours in orca. Find and fix vulnerabilities. there’s also a QIDI X-MAX 3 0. We recommend calibrating the e-steps before adjusting flow rate as this generally fixes the issue and you can confidently set it to 100%. I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. I like to use my max flow rate as the safe guard for underextrusion. Probably the better solution would be to create a simple 3D object in CAD software and slice it in vase mode. • 4 mo. The other way is to print a hollow cube with no top layers and compare the actual wall thickness to that in the slicer. The “Parameters” section at the beginning takes the arguments (parameters) being passed to the macro (right side) and saves each to its own runtime variable (left side). In a mean time, I will probably. You enter the weight of the full spool and aproximate remaining % (Default value 100). Note your results following the guide in the Orca Slicer Wiki. This version adds some ne. 'Flow rate' is a slicer setting that tells the 3D printer how much plastic to extrude. Infill/Perimeter Overlap. Join me as I share expert tips and undocumented calibration techniques for tuning filament in Orca Slicer. Orca Slicer use initial_layer_print_height instead of first_layer. The need to increase the temperature of the nozzle is needed by high flow request to maintain "fluid" the material. So I think that your slicer creates weird g-code. Orca also has native support in it's latest beta release. Why is it so slow considering I'm usualy printing at 150 at least. You should be able to raise it around to somewhere around 20mm³/s. Max Volumetric Flow Speed Test (Orca Slicer) Hello everyone! I'm trying to measure my current Max Volumetric Flow Speed Test using Orca Slicer's built-in test. If they don't you'll at least have a basis for what might be wrong. 4 or 0. Set the flow ratio to 1. 35 Cubic mm per second, for 'Semiflex' to 15 cubic mm per second for PLA. Wall thickness in PrusaSlicer;. Hope that answers your question!30mm³/s is a rather high flow and will render a high speed with a 0. AB-BN. For some reason, even though I know it is the wrong answer, I like 0. 5) doesn’t have support for it. Flow calibration enabled. Then calibrate the flow rate to the actual maximum your filament can do, using the orca slicer calibration tests (my eSUN Silk PLA can do 19mm3/sec comfortably). Step 2: Modify your existing slicers settings to match the list below. Click the pane on the right to bring up the print settings. Model geometry can cause problems if you are right at the max possible with the easy to print. You can find guides on calculating your max flow rate, for me it’s about 12mm/s3 with most materials before the extruder starts to skip. Willkommen zu einem weiteren spannenden 3D-Druck-Abenteuer mit ORCA-Slicer! In diesem brandneuen Video dreht sich alles um die entscheidende Filamentkalibrie. For PETG for me is 98%, I run about 96% with ABS. I want to be able to go into preferences and turn off leveling and flow permanently. 7 KB. 3 KB. The 0. 4 hours in cura, 8 hours in orca. Basically, OrcaSlicer is a fork of Bambu Studio, which means someone took the open source code, which itself was spun off from Prusa Slicer, and spun off their own remix of sorts. Then calibrate the flow rate to the actual maximum your filament can do, using the orca slicer calibration tests (my eSUN Silk PLA can do 19mm3/sec comfortably). 6 line width and 0. 9 (80-90%) to give a little margin. On orca slicer, same layer can have different flow without any reason, wich is not good for consistency. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. I 100% agree that we need clarity from the Bambu team on this though. 8mm thick and 5 to 10 mm high. This would be impossible with two walls. Default settings with a . Revo High Flow unlocks higher flow for existing 0. The extrusion or line width is normally set between 100% and 120% of the nozzle diameter. They multiply together. Thank you to our sponsor Fictiv. x added support for the new filament, but Orca Slicer (v1. I'm running Klipper and use a START_PRINT macro. megaismo • 5 mo. I can prepare and slice the files, but when i press "print plate", it doesn't do anything. My printer is a generic Klipper, it only allows me to choose the 0. kouji71. 05. Values presented are the marginal percentual variations. Still, it's not. What confuses me though, is that unlike cura, where you’re directly setting the flow for all values, in superslicer you set the EM, and then the flow. 6 mm option from the list. 4%, not 96%. This ratio is normally stable and the default setting works well in Bambu Lab printers and official filaments as they were pre-calibrated and fine-tuned. 45 line width. The OrcaSlicer calibration menu is an awesome feature that is built directly into the slicer. (which explains,. Upgrading My Slicer Software to OrcaSlicer: A Journey to Improved Print Quality for my Ender 3 S1. ** Remember ** to save the filament profile. Beeper; Conditional Homing; Conditional QGL; Dump Variables; Get Variable; Hotend Fan RPM Monitoring; LCD RGB; Off; Parking I use the Orca Slicer variant of Bambu's slicer because it offers finer-grained control over the slicing process and makes tuning and using tuned filament profiles much easier than Bambu's official slicer, which lacks good calibration routines for some of the most important variables in good printing: flow rate, pressure advance, and. I ran the "Max flowrate" test on Orca Slicer and I could determine that the MVS for the filament was 20 which was while printing a layer at a speed of 77. Repeat steps 4 and 5. Welcome to the OrcaSlicer WIKI! We have divided it roughly into the following pages: Calibration. kouji71. Is there a simple way to do this in the custom gcode, possibly with some type of expression?Equalize filament flow (known as flow equalization ratio in Cura 5) in Cura is a feature that aims to keep the flow rate stable by dynamically adjusting the print speed when the 3D printer needs to print lines of different widths, as opposed to modifying the flow rate, which would take longer time. This test will help you to find the maximum volumetric speed of the filament. Then there is a flow option in the settings. If you want to tweak for better prints then use Orca Slicer and run the calibration tests. 5 mm; Weight: 575 g; Max. The primary. 2. The MVS setting essentially imposes a governor on the maximum amount of filament that the slicer will attempt to push through. 2) Under “Other Vendors“, select “Creality FFF”, and you will see all of the Creality printers. This is the method I have elaborated by. Or use this syntax m140 s {first_layer_bed_temperature [0]} ; bed temp warm. Reply reply I know there is a thread in this forum somewhere talking about this issue but I can’t seem to locate it. On this picture the part sliced with Orca is on the left. With the M221 gcode, Marlin (the firmware on the computer) multiplies each of these E values again by the current Marlin flow value. 2 = Maximum print speed of 300mm/sec. 94 from Bambu seemed low. 5), unless you already have an idea of the lower or upper limit for your filament. Near the correct EM, the top should feel noticeably smoother. 4 and 0. I'm still wondering what will be the best way to share my raw data. 985 -forgot photo, but stock 0. Thanks. Instant dev environments. It boasts a large print area of 400 mm x 400 mm x 450 mm for a total build volume of 72000000 mm3. The preset is paradox. •. 8-0. I wish, Bambu Lab will merge this back to Bambu Studio in the future. Packages. Try it for yourself to see if your purge line is long enough. I changed the max flow in orca from 12 to 25 at it changed nothjng. IIRC someone was able to increase the flow rate (mm3) and speed and cut the print time 30% or 40%. </p> <p dir=\"auto\">Once printed, take note of where the layers begin to fail and where the quality begins to suffer. I meant it’s set at 18mm3/s and slicing it at about 19. 8%. Orca has pretty much everything BS has, plus calibration and additional filament configuration options. Average increase : +6. So in cura if you set flow to 80%, Cura multiplies all the E values (extruder positions) by 80% such that you get 80% flow. Temperature and start G code. Click on “ Add “. Use the link b. 8 width Printing at 230C (any lower not enough to extrude that much plastic) with bed at 50C. I use the Orca Slicer variant of Bambu's slicer because it offers finer-grained control over the slicing process and makes tuning and using tuned filament profiles much easier than Bambu's official slicer, which lacks good calibration routines for some of the most important variables in good printing: flow rate, pressure advance, and. I recommend using the generic filament profile and running the flow rate calibration from the SoftFever calibration menu, and then making your own filament profile from it with. Select "OK", slice the plate, and send it to the. In the case of configuring line width, the general rule is to stay between 60% and 150% of the nozzle size, which makes the range of 0. Ok, that work fine, but I meant that in the global process, it would be a "first layer flow " modifier Just like in Cura slicer, I find it very useful. I use the Orca Slicer variant of Bambu's slicer because it offers finer-grained control over the slicing process and makes tuning and using tuned filament profiles much easier than Bambu's official slicer, which lacks good calibration routines for some of the most important variables in good printing: flow rate, pressure advance, and. Dear all, i found that it is possible to calculate the flow rate (FR) by the following equation: FR = Nozzle size (mm) x layer height (mm) x print speed (mm/s) = mm3/s. 4mm. 0 comments. Temperature related Volumetric Flow Rate gain (%) When using the same nozzle orifice diameter and inlet geometry what happens to the maximum Volumetric Flow Rate when we raise nozzle temperature from 205 to 225; and from 225 to 245°C. plate at 65 (I have bed adhesion issues if I use the default temperatures for the old PEI plate). download Galaxy Slicer instead, same thing, but it has K1 support as a preset. (that is assuming that you reach about 14mm³/s flow rate, if you go for more realistic 10mm³/s we talk about a technical limit of 111mm/s) Realistically you are probably looking at something like 70-100mm/s. But just to run through any other software issues, I installed Orca/SoftFever Slicer to run advanced calibrations on the PC, results below: Temp Tower: 270C -Good from 260-280, I guess 270C is best, has cleanest overhangs. We wil look at how to fine tune the placement of your z. Juhu…. This will open automatically the first time you launch PrusaSlicer. I'm confused. With a maximum of 30mm/s, 0. Having said that though, his MVS test isn’t that different in principle from what you are already doing, so the teaching tech method may be better. WOW! What a difference.